System interconnect hierarchy and advanced optical solutions

Length at which electrical transmission lines are required

Transfer bit rate

1 m

10 m

100 m

1 km

100 mm

1 mm

1 cm

10 cm

10 M

1 M

100 k

10 k

100 G

10 G

1 G

100 M

Gate-to-Gate

Chip-to-Chip

Substrate-to-Substrate

Board-to-Board

Shelf-to-Shelf

Frame-to-Frame

Parallel Optical Data Link

POLO

PONI

Parallel Optical Interconnect

“LAN”

Increasing system functionality

Integrated ultra-dense all-optical WDM

micro-photonic switched interconnects

10 mm

1 mm

100 nm

10 nm

1 nm

0.1 nm

1 T

10 T

Conventional

Optical

Data Link

Single atom

Electron Bohr radius in GaAs

Quantum effects accessed by photonics

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